Poem Analysis - To Milton

Initial Impression and Tone

Oscar Wilde's "To Milton" presents a reflective and somewhat melancholic tone, mourning the perceived decline of England from its glorious past. The poem begins with a sense of loss and disillusionment, as the speaker laments the absence of Milton's spirit and the dulling of the world's vibrancy. The tone shifts to one of frustration and criticism as Wilde addresses the current state of England, held captive by ignorant leaders. The overall mood is one of nostalgia and discontent, highlighting the contrast between a glorious past and a disappointing present.

Historical and Authorial Context

Oscar Wilde, an Irish poet and playwright, wrote this poem in a time when England was undergoing significant social and political changes. The late 19th century saw the rise of industrialization, urbanization, and political reforms, which brought both progress and challenges. Wilde's critique of "ignorant demagogues" reflects his disdain for the political climate of his time, where he saw a decline in leadership and vision. His Irish background may also influence his perspective, offering an outsider's view of English society and politics.

Themes: Nostalgia and Decline

The poem heavily emphasizes the theme of nostalgia, longing for a past era when England was a "triple empire." Wilde uses vivid imagery to contrast the past glory with the present decay. The "gorgeous fiery-coloured world" has fallen into "ashes dull and grey," symbolizing the loss of vitality and grandeur. The speaker's frustration with the current state of affairs is evident in the lines "For all our pomp and pageantry and powers / We are but fit to delve the common clay," suggesting a decline in national pride and purpose.

Themes: Leadership and Patriotism

Wilde explores the theme of leadership and patriotism, criticizing the contemporary leaders who "love her not" and hold England in fee. The phrase "ignorant demagogues" underscores his disapproval of the political figures of his time, whom he sees as unworthy of leading a great nation. The reference to Cromwell and the word "Democracy" adds a layer of historical context, hinting at a time when leadership was strong and visionary. Wilde's use of the metaphor "sea-lion of the sea" for England emphasizes its former strength and dominance, now diminished.

Themes: The Role of Art and Literature

The poem also touches on the role of art and literature in shaping national identity. The invocation of Milton, a renowned English poet, suggests that literary figures have a significant impact on the cultural and political landscape. Wilde's lament for Milton's spirit passing away implies a loss of inspiration and guidance. The poem itself serves as a call to remember and honor the great literary figures of the past, who can inspire future generations to strive for greatness.

Symbolism and Imagery

The poem is rich in symbolism and vivid imagery. The "white cliffs" and "high-embattled towers" symbolize the physical and metaphorical fortifications of England, now seemingly weakened. The "gorgeous fiery-coloured world" contrasts with the "ashes dull and grey," highlighting the decline from a vibrant past to a dull present. The "sea-lion of the sea" is a powerful metaphor for England, emphasizing its former strength and dominance. The "ignorant demagogues" are a stark symbol of the current leadership, which Wilde sees as unworthy and misguided.

Conclusion

In "To Milton," Oscar Wilde offers a poignant critique of his contemporary society, using vivid imagery and powerful symbolism to contrast the glory of the past with the disappointments of the present. The poem serves as a call to remember and honor the great figures of the past, who can inspire future generations to strive for greatness. Wilde's frustration with the current state of leadership and his longing for a more inspired and visionary era are evident throughout the poem. Ultimately, "To Milton" is a reflection on the role of art and literature in shaping national identity and the importance of leadership in maintaining a nation's greatness.