Poem Analysis - Pierrot

Introduction: A Dichotomy of Lives

Langston Hughes' "Pierrot" presents a stark contrast between two characters: Simple John and Pierrot. The poem explores their opposing values and lifestyles through simple yet evocative language. The tone is initially observational, almost reportorial, but gradually shifts to a more judgmental stance as the poem progresses, particularly in the final stanza. The poem highlights the tension between conventional morality and a more free-spirited, unconventional existence. Ultimately, "Pierrot" invites the reader to consider the costs and benefits of each path.

Contextual Influences: Hughes and the Harlem Renaissance

While the poem doesn't explicitly address the social realities of Hughes' time, knowing he was a leading figure in the Harlem Renaissance provides some context. This movement celebrated Black culture and identity, often challenging societal norms. "Pierrot," with its embrace of individuality and rejection of conformity, can be seen as echoing this spirit. Hughes, through Pierrot, may be subtly critiquing the rigid expectations imposed on individuals and communities, encouraging a more liberated sense of self-expression, a common theme within the Harlem Renaissance.

The Allure of Freedom vs. The Security of Convention

One of the main themes in "Pierrot" is the contrast between freedom and convention. Simple John embodies traditional values: he works hard to buy a house, is faithful to his wife, and believes in divine reward for his goodness. His life is structured and predictable. "I work all day," he repeats, emphasizing his dedication to societal expectations. In stark contrast, Pierrot is a wanderer, valuing beauty, love, and artistic expression above all else. He rejects domesticity ("Pierrot left Pierrette") and embraces a life of pleasure, suggesting a rejection of societal constraints and a pursuit of individual fulfillment. The poem positions these two lifestyles as fundamentally different and perhaps incompatible.

Love's Many Forms and Fidelity

The concept of love is another key theme, presented in contrasting ways. Simple John's love is singular and committed to his wife: "faith, I love her yet." This monogamous love is associated with responsibility and stability. Pierrot, however, embraces a more expansive and perhaps less responsible view of love: "Pierrot saw a world of girls, / And Pierrot loved each one." His love is not confined to a single individual but is freely given to all whom he finds beautiful. This exploration of different expressions of love reflects a tension between committed relationships and the allure of fleeting experiences.

The Price of Sin and the Pursuit of Pleasure

The poem explores the theme of morality through the contrasting characters. Simple John is presented as unambiguously "good," expecting to be rewarded in the afterlife. Pierrot, on the other hand, is explicitly labeled as "steeped in sin." His actions, such as running "down the long white road / With the burgher's wife one June," are presented as transgressions against societal norms. However, the poem doesn't necessarily condemn Pierrot. It simply acknowledges that his pursuit of pleasure comes at a cost – the judgment of society and perhaps, according to Simple John, divine punishment.

Symbolism: The Road, the Moon, and the Flowers

The poem employs several recurring symbols. The "long white road" symbolizes freedom, adventure, and the open possibilities of life, representing Pierrot's wandering spirit. The "moon" is associated with romance, mystery, and the subconscious, appealing to Pierrot's artistic and emotional nature. "Flowers in the sun" represent beauty, fleeting pleasure, and the allure of the world's many maidens. These symbols contribute to the overall impression of Pierrot's world as one of beauty, freedom, and sensual experience, further contrasting it with Simple John's more grounded and pragmatic existence.

Conclusion: A Question of Value

In conclusion, Langston Hughes' "Pierrot" is a thoughtful exploration of two contrasting approaches to life. Simple John represents conventional morality, responsibility, and the pursuit of security, while Pierrot embodies freedom, beauty, and the pursuit of sensual pleasure. The poem doesn't explicitly endorse one path over the other but rather presents them as equally valid choices with different consequences. Ultimately, "Pierrot" invites the reader to consider what they value most in life and what sacrifices they are willing to make to achieve it.