Poem Analysis - Concord Hymn

Initial Impressions and Tone

The Concord Hymn by Ralph Waldo Emerson is a reflective and reverent poem that commemorates the Battle of Concord, a pivotal moment in the American Revolution. The poem's tone is solemn and respectful, shifting from a historical recounting to a hopeful plea for remembrance. Emerson's language is both elegant and accessible, making the poem a fitting tribute to the bravery and sacrifice of the early American patriots.

Historical and Authorial Context

Ralph Waldo Emerson, a prominent figure in American literature and philosophy, wrote this poem to mark the dedication of a monument at the North Bridge in Concord, Massachusetts. The Battle of Concord, which took place on April 19, 1775, is often considered the start of the American Revolutionary War. Emerson's poem serves as a tribute to the farmers who fought and died in this battle, emphasizing the enduring significance of their actions. The poem was written in 1837, more than six decades after the battle, reflecting Emerson's interest in the enduring legacy of historical events and the importance of memory.

Theme of Memory and Remembrance

The central theme of the poem is the importance of memory and remembrance. Emerson emphasizes the need to honor the past and ensure that the sacrifices of previous generations are not forgotten. The phrase "that memory may their deed redeem" highlights the idea that remembering the bravery of the farmers can redeem their sacrifices, making them meaningful for future generations. The poem's setting at the site of the battle and the dedication of a monument further underscore the theme of remembrance.

Theme of Mortality and Transience

Another significant theme is the transience of life and the inevitability of change. The poem acknowledges that both the conquerors and the conquered have long since passed away, and that time has swept away the physical remnants of the battle. The lines "The foe long since in silence slept; Alike the conqueror silent sleeps" emphasize the equality of all in death, regardless of their roles in life. This theme is reinforced by the image of the ruined bridge swept away by time, symbolizing the impermanence of human achievements.

Theme of Freedom and Sacrifice

The theme of freedom and the sacrifice required to achieve it is also prominent. The poem honors the farmers who dared to die to leave their children free, highlighting the ultimate sacrifice made for the cause of liberty. The phrase "Spirit, that made those heroes dare To die, and leave their children free" underscores the courage and selflessness of those who fought in the battle. This theme is tied to the broader American narrative of struggle for independence and the value of freedom.

Symbolism of the Bridge and the Stream

The bridge and the stream are recurring symbols in the poem. The bridge, which arched the flood, represents the connection between the past and the present, as well as the physical site of the battle. The stream, which flows towards the sea, symbolizes the passage of time and the inevitable changes that occur. The ruined bridge swept away by time suggests the transience of human constructs and the enduring flow of history. The stream also represents the continuity of life and the ongoing journey of the American people.

Conclusion

The Concord Hymn is a poignant reflection on the significance of historical events and the importance of remembrance. Through its themes of memory, transience, and sacrifice, the poem honors the bravery of the farmers who fought at Concord and underscores the enduring legacy of their actions. The symbols of the bridge and the stream contribute to the poem's message about the passage of time and the continuity of history. Ultimately, the poem serves as a reminder of the sacrifices made for freedom and the need to honor and remember those who came before us.