Poem Analysis - Sursum Corda

Initial Impression and Tone

Ralph Waldo Emerson's "Sursum Corda" presents a reflective and somewhat defiant tone, urging the reader to embrace self-reliance and inner strength. The poem begins with a sense of resignation, almost a gentle reprimand, but quickly shifts to a more assertive and confident stance. The speaker addresses an unseen entity, possibly the divine or the self, with a mix of humility and boldness. The overall mood evolves from introspection to a firm declaration of self-assurance.

Themes of Self-Reliance and Divine Connection

The poem explores several interconnected themes, with self-reliance and the relationship between the individual and the divine being the most prominent. Emerson, known for his transcendentalist beliefs, emphasizes the importance of trusting one's own intuition and strength. The speaker advises against seeking external validation or the "Spirit," suggesting that the individual is already complete and real. This theme is evident in lines such as "Art thou not also real?" and "Here am I, here will I remain Forever to myself soothfast." The use of the term "soothfast" implies steadfastness and truthfulness to oneself, reinforcing the idea of self-reliance.

The relationship between the individual and the divine is another key theme. The speaker acknowledges the presence of "Heaven" but asserts that the individual's lot is already cast with the divine. This suggests a harmonious coexistence rather than a subservient relationship. The lines "Already Heaven with thee its lot has cast, For it only can absolutely deal" indicate a mutual agreement or understanding between the self and the divine, emphasizing the interconnectedness of the two.

Symbolism and Imagery

The poem employs vivid imagery and symbolism to convey its themes. The "Spirit" and "Heaven" serve as symbols of the divine or higher power. The speaker's address to these entities reflects a personal and intimate relationship, rather than a distant or reverential one. The use of the term "Accuser" is intriguing, as it suggests an internal struggle or self-doubt that the speaker must confront and overcome. The phrase "Turn on the Accuser roundly" implies a direct and unyielding confrontation, symbolizing the speaker's resolve to face and dismiss self-doubt.

The imagery of the speaker remaining steadfast and true to oneself, as seen in "Here will I remain Forever to myself soothfast," is powerful. This image of unyielding self-reliance is reinforced by the confident and assertive tone. The poem's form, with its direct address and declarative statements, supports the theme of self-assurance and the importance of trusting one's own strength and intuition.

Conclusion and Final Insight

In summary, "Sursum Corda" by Ralph Waldo Emerson is a poignant exploration of self-reliance and the individual's relationship with the divine. Through vivid imagery and a confident tone, the poem encourages readers to trust in their own strength and to embrace a harmonious connection with the divine. The speaker's assertion of self-assurance and the dismissal of self-doubt serve as a powerful reminder of the importance of inner strength and self-reliance. The poem's themes and symbols underscore the significance of trusting one's own intuition and maintaining a steadfast and true connection with oneself and the divine.