Poem Analysis - The Rhyme Of The O Sullivan

Banjo Paterson's "The Rhyme of the O'Sullivan" is a satirical ballad that laments the downfall of a once-powerful and extravagant politician. The poem utilizes a conversational tone, initially tinged with sympathy, before shifting to a more cynical and humorous perspective. Through the interaction between the earnest Pro Bono Publico and the fallen O'Sullivan, the poem explores themes of political corruption, fleeting power, and the public's fickle nature. The ending, with its wry twist, solidifies the poem's overall comedic effect.

Context of the Poem

Banjo Paterson, a prominent Australian poet of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, was known for his bush ballads and depictions of Australian life. This poem likely reflects a general skepticism towards politicians and their often questionable use of public funds, a sentiment prevalent in many societies. The reference to "pawning the country off" for "millions of quid" suggests a critique of large-scale government borrowing and spending, perhaps resonating with contemporary economic anxieties in Australia at the time.

Fleeting Power and the Inevitable Fall

One of the central themes is the ephemeral nature of political power. O'Sullivan recounts his glory days with phrases like "Fountain Head" and "Democratic Arch," titles that suggest immense influence and authority. He describes his lavish spending – donating bridges and railways – painting a picture of almost regal power. However, the poem juxtaposes this past grandeur with his present state of destitution. He now "sit[s] and think upon / The thing that I have been," emphasizing the stark contrast between his former self and his current predicament. The fall from "the Great O'Sullivan" to someone who has to "sue / For paltry ? s d!" highlights the fragility of power and the inevitable consequences of excess.

Public Perception and Political Corruption

The poem also explores the complex relationship between politicians and the public. O'Sullivan's lament suggests a sense of entitlement; he seems to believe he deserves sympathy despite his questionable actions. He recounts how he “pawned the country off,” a clear indication of corruption and misuse of power. The character of Pro Bono Publico, whose name literally means "for the public good," represents the average citizen. His initial sympathy for O'Sullivan suggests a naive belief in the politician's story. However, the poem's final lines reveal a more cynical perspective, as Pro Bono Publico laments that he doesn’t have the money O’Sullivan spent, suggesting the public ultimately bears the brunt of such corruption.

The Symbolism of Water Works

The recurring image of water works serves as a subtle symbol within the poem. O'Sullivan mentions pressing "for money down / To pay for water works" when a town defaults on its obligations. Water, often associated with life and prosperity, is here linked to O'Sullivan's efforts, yet these efforts are tied to financial obligation and potential ruin. This could be interpreted as a commentary on the nature of public works projects – while seemingly beneficial, they can also be sources of debt and corruption, ultimately burdening the very people they are intended to serve. Is the mention of 'water works' an admission of guilt and a coded reference to shady dealings around public utilities, or is it a genuine lament for a time when he could make impactful decisions, even if they were financially unsound?

A Cynical Reflection on Power and Responsibility

"The Rhyme of the O'Sullivan" is a biting commentary on political excess and the fleeting nature of power. Through the contrast between O'Sullivan's past grandeur and his present misery, the poem reveals the dangers of unchecked authority and the eventual consequences of corruption. The character of Pro Bono Publico, initially sympathetic, becomes a vehicle for the poem's ultimate cynicism, suggesting that the public is both victim and complicit in the cycle of political greed. The poem's humorous tone does not diminish its serious underlying message, highlighting the need for accountability and responsible governance.