Poem Analysis - To Certain Journeymen

Initial Impressions and Tone

Carl Sandburg's "To Certain Journeymen" is a poignant reflection on the inevitability of death and the roles of those who facilitate the transition. The poem's tone is somber yet matter-of-fact, addressing undertakers, hearse drivers, and grave diggers with a respectful and unafraid voice. Sandburg's straightforward language and direct address create an intimate and almost conversational atmosphere, despite the heavy subject matter. The mood shifts subtly from a respectful acknowledgment of the workers' duties to a contemplative reflection on the universal experience of death.

Themes of Mortality and Work

The poem explores the theme of mortality through the lens of those who deal with death on a daily basis. Sandburg highlights the universality of death, noting that the "secret behind your job is the same" regardless of the methods used. This theme is developed through the imagery of "dust going to a long country," which symbolizes the final journey of the deceased. The poem also delves into the theme of work, portraying the grave diggers and undertakers as essential workers who earn a living by helping others say their goodbyes. The phrase "you earn a living by those who say good-by today in thin whispers" underscores the solemnity and necessity of their work.

The Role of Imagery and Symbolism

The poem is rich with vivid imagery that reinforces its themes. The "dust going to a long country" is a powerful metaphor for death, emphasizing the finality and mystery of the journey. The contrast between "modern, automatic machinery" and "naked hands and then covered by the shovels" highlights the enduring nature of the undertakers' work, regardless of technological advancements. This imagery underscores the idea that death is a constant, unchanging part of human experience. The "laughter many days of the year" adds a layer of complexity, suggesting that even in the face of death, there is room for normalcy and human connection. This could be interpreted as a coping mechanism for the workers, or it could raise questions about the appropriateness of laughter in such a solemn context.

Conclusion: The Significance of "To Certain Journeymen"

In conclusion, "To Certain Journeymen" is a thoughtful meditation on death and the roles of those who manage its aftermath. Sandburg's use of direct address and vivid imagery creates a poignant and respectful tribute to undertakers, hearse drivers, and grave diggers. The poem's themes of mortality and work are intertwined, highlighting the universal experience of death and the essential nature of the workers' duties. The poem invites readers to reflect on the inevitability of death and the importance of those who facilitate the transition, offering a final insight into the significance of their often-overlooked work.