Poem Analysis - Child Of The Romans

Initial Impression and Tone

Carl Sandburg's "Child of the Romans" presents a stark contrast between the lives of the working class and the privileged. The poem's tone is initially somber and critical, highlighting the harsh realities of labor. There is a notable shift in mood when the poem describes the luxurious dining experiences of the privileged, creating a stark juxtaposition that underscores the poem's central themes.

Historical and Social Context

Carl Sandburg, an American poet, was known for his works that often addressed social issues and the struggles of the working class. The poem reflects the social and economic disparities of early 20th-century America, where industrial workers faced long hours and meager conditions while the elite enjoyed luxuries. The term "dago" is a derogatory slur, indicating the racial and ethnic prejudices of the time, which further emphasizes the social commentary of the poem.

Themes of Inequality and Labor

The primary theme of "Child of the Romans" is the stark inequality between the working class and the privileged. The "dago shovelman" represents the laborers who toil under harsh conditions, while the "men and women at tables" symbolize the privileged who enjoy luxuries. The contrast between the shovelman's "dry bread and bologna" and the "steaks running with brown gravy" highlights the disparity in their lives. The theme of labor is also prominent, as the shovelman's work is essential for the comfort of the privileged, yet he receives little recognition or reward.

Imagery of Food and Comfort

The poem uses vivid imagery of food to emphasize the differences between the two groups. The shovelman's meal is described as "dry bread and bologna," which is starkly contrasted with the luxurious "steaks running with brown gravy," "strawberries and cream," and "eclaires and coffee" enjoyed by the privileged. These images of food and comfort underscore the theme of inequality and highlight the stark differences in their living conditions. The "red roses and yellow jonquils" add to the luxurious setting, further emphasizing the contrast.

Symbolism of the Railroad and Work

The railroad track and the shovelman's work are central symbols in the poem. The railroad represents the infrastructure that supports the privileged lifestyle, while the shovelman's labor is essential for its maintenance. The "ten-hour day's work" and the "second half of a ten-hour day's work" emphasize the grueling nature of the shovelman's labor. The "road-bed" he maintains ensures that the "roses and jonquils" in the dining cars remain undisturbed, symbolizing the comfort and stability enjoyed by the privileged at the expense of the laborers.

Conclusion and Final Insight

In conclusion, "Child of the Romans" by Carl Sandburg is a powerful critique of social inequality and the exploitation of labor. Through vivid imagery and stark contrasts, the poem highlights the disparities between the working class and the privileged. The railroad and the shovelman's labor serve as symbols of the infrastructure that supports the privileged lifestyle, while the luxurious dining experiences underscore the theme of inequality. The poem's significance lies in its ability to shed light on the often-overlooked struggles of the working class and the systemic inequalities that perpetuate their hardships.