Poem Analysis - Questionnaire

Initial Impression and Tone

Carl Sandburg's "Questionnaire" presents a series of probing questions that delve into the speaker's actions and motivations. The poem's tone is introspective and somewhat accusatory, as if the speaker is holding themselves accountable for past deeds. The mood shifts from reflective to defensive, suggesting a deep self-examination. The straightforward, almost conversational language makes the poem accessible, while the repetitive structure of the questions creates a rhythmic, almost hypnotic effect.

Themes of Self-Reflection and Accountability

The primary theme of "Questionnaire" is self-reflection. The speaker is looking back on their life, questioning their actions and the impact they have had on others. This introspection is evident in lines like "Have I told any man to be a liar for my sake?" and "Have I put wool in my own ears when men tried to tell me what was good for me?" These questions suggest a desire for honesty and self-awareness. Another key theme is accountability. The speaker is holding themselves responsible for their actions, whether good or bad. This is seen in the question "Have I done any good under cover?" which implies a desire to do good deeds without seeking recognition. The theme of honesty is also present, as the speaker questions their own truthfulness and the impact of their words and actions on others.

Imagery and Symbolism

The poem uses vivid imagery to illustrate the speaker's questions. For example, the image of "selling ice to the poor in summer and coal to the poor in winter" is a stark and memorable way to ask about exploiting the vulnerable. The "brindle bull terriers" and "plaid wool jackets" add a touch of whimsy, but also suggest a superficiality that the speaker might be questioning. The "dollars from the living and the unborn" is a powerful image that suggests the speaker is considering the long-term consequences of their actions. The "show windows and the newspapers" symbolize public recognition and fame, which the speaker seems to be questioning the value of. The wool in the ears could symbolize a refusal to listen to others, or a desire to avoid hearing unpleasant truths. The "retributions that shadow the heels of the dishonest" is a vivid image that suggests the speaker is aware of the consequences of dishonesty.

Conclusion

"Questionnaire" is a powerful exploration of self-reflection and accountability. Through its use of vivid imagery and repetitive structure, the poem invites readers to consider their own actions and motivations. The speaker's questions are universal, making the poem a call to honesty and self-awareness. The poem's significance lies in its ability to provoke thought and introspection, encouraging readers to hold themselves accountable for their actions. The final questions about doing good deeds "under cover" versus "in the show windows and the newspapers" suggest a deeper reflection on the nature of good deeds and the desire for recognition. The poem leaves readers with a sense of the importance of honesty and self-awareness, and the need to consider the impact of our actions on others.