Poem Analysis - Thou In Whose Sword Great Story Shine The Deeds

A Hymn to the Historian

E.E. Cummings' poem, "Thou In Whose Sword-Great Story Shine The Deeds," is a passionate tribute to Jean Froissart, a 14th-century chronicler of the Hundred Years' War. The poem overflows with admiration for Froissart's ability to capture the grandeur and heroism of the past. Initially, the tone is one of awe and reverence, bordering on the epic. This grandiosity softens slightly in the latter half of the poem, becoming more personal and focusing on the enduring power of Froissart's work to inspire future generations. The poem ultimately celebrates the written word's capacity to immortalize valor and sacrifice.

Froissart: Recorder of Valor

While detailed biographical information about the poem's context may be limited, understanding Froissart's role is crucial. He was a historian renowned for his vivid accounts of chivalry, battles, and courtly life during a tumultuous period in European history. Cummings' poem directly addresses Froissart, acknowledging his significant contribution in preserving the stories of heroes and pivotal historical moments. The poem emphasizes that Froissart chose the "pen" over "steel," implying a conscious decision to document rather than participate directly in the violence of his time. This choice is presented as a noble one, worthy of praise.

The Enduring Power of History

One of the poem's central themes is the enduring power of history to inspire and connect us to the past. The opening lines paint a vivid picture of historical events, with "vast armies of the marching dead," "standards," and "neighing of great steeds" creating an auditory and visual spectacle. This imagery is not merely descriptive; it's meant to evoke a sense of awe and connection. The "precious bread/Of dear communion with the past" symbolizes the nourishment and spiritual connection that history provides. By reading Froissart's chronicles, we participate in a form of communion, drawing strength and understanding from the experiences of those who came before us.

Valor and Sacrifice as Immortal Ideals

Another key theme revolves around the ideals of valor and sacrifice. The poem emphasizes that Froissart not only recorded events but also captured the heroic spirit of his subjects. The phrase "battle with heroic breeds" suggests that valor is not merely an individual trait but a quality passed down through generations. The poem’s concluding lines, "Who gav’st as one of those immortal men/His life that his fair city might not die," further underscore the theme of sacrifice. By highlighting an individual who gave his life for his city, Cummings presents a concrete example of the heroism that Froissart immortalized through his writing. The notion of "immortal men" suggests that such acts of selflessness transcend time and continue to inspire.

Trumpets of Glory and Hungering Days

The recurring image of trumpets serves as a powerful symbol of glory and remembrance. "The old trumpets cry" evokes a sense of both triumph and loss, reminding us of the battles fought and the sacrifices made. This auditory imagery reinforces the idea that the past continues to resonate in the present. The phrase "hungering days" creates a striking contrast to the "sword-great story" and "smiling meads" introduced earlier. It suggests that future generations are hungry for the lessons and inspiration found in Froissart's chronicles. The "hungering days" signify a longing for the values of courage and sacrifice, values that Froissart's work so vividly portrays. Are these "hungering days" an acknowledgement that the present generation is lacking something that they can find in stories of the past?

A Final Reflection

In conclusion, "Thou In Whose Sword-Great Story Shine The Deeds" is a powerful testament to the enduring legacy of Jean Froissart and the power of historical writing. Cummings uses vivid imagery and a reverent tone to celebrate Froissart's ability to capture the grandeur and heroism of the past. The poem explores themes of connection to the past, the immortalization of valor, and the inspiration derived from acts of sacrifice. By focusing on the "hungering days," Cummings suggests that the lessons of history remain relevant and vital for future generations, forever echoing the "old trumpets" of glory and remembrance.