Walt Whitman

1861

1861 - context Summary

Composed During the Civil War

Written at the outset of the American Civil War and placed in Drum-Taps, the poem personifies 1861 as an armed, masculine soldier rather than a gentle lyric subject. Whitman rejects sentimental verse and presents the year as a vigorous, blue-clad figure crossing cities, prairies, rivers, and mountains, its voice heard in cannon and battle. The poem channels Whitman’s patriotic urgency and firsthand impressions of national mobilization in 1861.

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AARM’D year! year of the struggle! No dainty rhymes or sentimental love verses for you, terrible year! Not you as some pale poetling, seated at a desk, lisping cadenzas piano; But as a strong man, erect, clothed in blue clothes, advancing, carrying a rifle on your shoulder, With well-gristled body and sunburnt face and hands—with a knife in the belt at your side, As I heard you shouting loud—your sonorous voice ringing across the continent; Your masculine voice, O year, as rising amid the great cities, Amid the men of Manhattan I saw you, as one of the workmen, the dwellers in Manhattan; Or with large steps crossing the prairies out of Illinois and Indiana, Rapidly crossing the West with springy gait, and descending the Alleghanies; Or down from the great lakes, or in Pennsylvania, or on deck along the Ohio river; Or southward along the Tennessee or Cumberland rivers, or at Chattanooga on the mountain top, Saw I your gait and saw I your sinewy limbs, clothed in blue, bearing weapons, robust year; Heard your determin’d voice, launch’d forth again and again; Year that suddenly sang by the mouths of the round-lipp’d cannon, I repeat you, hurrying, crashing, sad, distracted year.

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