In Former Songs
In Former Songs - meaning Summary
Freedom as Final Refuge
Whitman revisits earlier themes—life, pride, love—and deliberately entwines them with patriotism and death to address a single ideal: Freedom. He presents all his strains of feeling as offerings to that elusive concept and then concentrates on Death as a deliberate, impregnable reserve. Framed as a democratic chant and a final, pealing cry, the poem treats death not as defeat but as a fortified last stand for liberty.
Read Complete Analyses1 IN former songs Pride have I sung, and Love, and passionate, joyful Life, But here I twine the strands of Patriotism and Death. And now, Life, Pride, Love, Patriotism and Death, To you, O FREEDOM, purport of all! (You that elude me most—refusing to be caught in songs of mine,) I offer all to you. 2 ’Tis not for nothing, Death, I sound out you, and words of you, with daring tone—embodying you, In my new Democratic chants—keeping you for a close, For last impregnable retreat—a citadel and tower, For my last stand—my pealing, final cry.
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