Poem Analysis - Englands Answer

Introduction: A Mother's Blessing and a Charge

Rudyard Kipling's "England's Answer" is a powerful declaration of unity and autonomy, spoken from the perspective of England personified as a mother figure addressing her colonies. The poem carries a tone of proud affection mixed with a firm understanding of the responsibilities that come with independence. While the initial verses emphasize the deep connection and shared heritage, the poem shifts towards a call to action, urging the colonies to embrace their strength and govern wisely. There is a sense of optimism about the future, grounded in the shared "Blood" and commitment to mutual support.

Historical Context: The Empire's Evolving Identity

Kipling wrote during a period of significant change within the British Empire. The late 19th and early 20th centuries saw growing calls for self-governance in various colonies. "England's Answer" can be interpreted as an acknowledgment of this shift, a recognition that the colonies are no longer simply extensions of the mother country but are capable of independent governance while still maintaining a strong bond with England. Kipling, a staunch supporter of the Empire, likely aimed to portray this transition as a natural and positive evolution, reinforcing the idea of a unified "House" rather than a fractured entity.

Thematic Depth: Kinship, Responsibility, and Self-Governance

One of the primary themes is the enduring kinship between England and her colonies. This is established through the repeated references to "The Blood," "flesh of the flesh," and "bone of the bone," emphasizing a shared heritage and unbreakable connection. However, this kinship doesn't imply subservience. The poem also develops the theme of responsibility. England grants her "sons" autonomy and the power to make their own laws, but with this power comes the duty to govern wisely "for the good of your peoples -- thus for the Pride of the Race." This is not just about independence, but about using that independence for the benefit of all. Finally, the theme of self-governance is central. England explicitly states she will not "press my will," acknowledging the colonies' right to self-determination. This suggests a shift from direct control to a more collaborative and supportive relationship, built on mutual respect and shared values.

Symbolism: Blood, House, and the 'Threefold Knot'

The poem employs potent symbolism to reinforce its themes. "The Blood" is a recurring symbol of shared heritage, culture, and values, representing the deep, inherent connection between England and her colonies. The image of "Our House" symbolizes the Empire as a unified entity, emphasizing the importance of standing together, especially "in the day of Armageddon." The "threefold knot firm on the ninefold bands" is perhaps the most complex symbol. It seems to represent a binding agreement, a covenant of sorts, tying the colonies to England but also acknowledging their individual identities (represented by the different "bands"). The specific numbers "three" and "nine" are potentially significant but not definitively explained within the poem itself. Could the three be the home nations of Britain, a representation of the trinity of power? It highlights the intricate and multifaceted nature of the relationship between the colonizer and the colonized.

Imagery: Maternal Strength and Open Doors

The poem's imagery is both nurturing and commanding. England presents herself as a powerful and enduring mother figure, stating "my arm is nothing weak, my strength is not gone by; Sons, I have borne many sons, but my dugs are not dry." This evokes an image of inexhaustible strength and unwavering support. This imagery contrasts with other more authoritative images that are also linked to motherhood. The imagery of the "place" and "opened wide the doors" is also significant. It symbolizes the opportunity for dialogue and collaboration, inviting the colonies to participate in shaping their own futures. These images combine to create a vision of a strong, nurturing mother who is willing to grant her children independence while still offering guidance and support.

Conclusion: A Vision of Enduring Unity

"England's Answer" is more than just a patriotic poem; it's a complex and nuanced exploration of the evolving relationship between England and her colonies. Through powerful imagery and symbolism, Kipling paints a picture of an empire built not on dominance, but on shared heritage, mutual respect, and a commitment to collective strength. The poem's significance lies in its attempt to reconcile the realities of colonial self-governance with the enduring ideal of a unified "House," suggesting a vision of enduring unity based on kinship, collaboration, and shared values. The final call to action, urging the colonies to "go to your work and be strong," encapsulates the poem's overall message: embrace your independence, govern wisely, and remember the bonds that tie you to your motherland.