Rudyard Kipling

The Servant When He Reigneth

The Servant When He Reigneth - meaning Summary

Power Reveals Servility

Kipling satirically depicts a man who was once a servant and becomes ruler, arguing that his prior subservience makes him dangerous in power. The poem lists traits—cowardice, quickness to cause unrest, shirking responsibility, false vows and blame-shifting—that turn authority into confusion and oppression. It frames this transformation as cyclical: past servility produces a ruler who behaves more like a slave to fear and mob opinion than a just sovereign.

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Three things make earth unquiet And four she cannot brook The godly Agur counted them And put them in a book -- Those Four Tremendous Curses With which mankind is cursed; But a Servant when He Reigneth Old Agur entered first. An Handmaid that is Mistress We need not call upon. A Fool when he is full of Meat Will fall asleep anon. An Odious Woman Married May bear a babe and mend; But a Servant when He Reigneth Is Confusion to the end. His feet are swift to tumult, His hands are slow to toil, His ears are deaf to reason, His lips are loud in broil. He knows no use for power Except to show his might. He gives no heed to judgment Unless it prove him right. Because he served a master Before his Kingship came, And hid in all disaster Behind his master's name, So, when his Folly opens The unnecessary hells, A Servant when He Reigneth Throws the blame on some one else. His vows are lightly spoken, His faith is hard to bind, His trust is easy boken, He fears his fellow-kind. The nearest mob will move him To break the pledge he gave -- Oh, a Servant when he Reigneth Is more than ever slave!

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