Poem Analysis - Zion

Overall Impression and Tone

Rudyard Kipling’s "Zion" presents a stark contrast between two opposing spiritual entities: Zion and Baal. The poem uses contrasting imagery and tone to celebrate the peace and assurance found in Zion, while depicting the frenzied and ultimately fruitless devotion to Baal. The tone is initially calm and assured when describing Zion, shifting to a more agitated and critical tone when describing Baal, and finally returning to a celebratory and determined tone when committing to Zion. The poem, therefore, is a testament to the speaker’s unwavering faith and the ultimate reward of spiritual freedom and belonging.

Kipling's Background and Potential Influence

Rudyard Kipling, a British author deeply embedded in the colonial era, often explored themes of duty, faith, and the burdens of leadership. "Zion" reflects Kipling's strong belief in order and righteousness. His exposure to diverse cultures and religious beliefs likely shaped his contrasting depiction of different spiritual paths. While not explicitly referencing colonial themes, the poem's emphasis on choosing the 'right' path and the contrast between order and chaos may resonate with the colonial mindset of imposing structure and belief systems.

Themes of Rest and Sacrifice

One of the central themes in "Zion" is the promise of rest offered by faith. The "Doorkeepers of Zion" are described as being "at their ease," able to "sit down and smile" and even "jest." This contrasts sharply with the "Gatekeepers of Baal," who "fume and fret and posture," highlighting the exhausting and ultimately unfulfilling nature of their devotion. Another major theme is the idea of sacrifice. Baal's "sacrifice is vain," implying that devotion to Baal requires constant exertion without any real reward. In contrast, the speaker and their companions are willing to accept "whatever cup in Zion/ Is offered to our lips!," suggesting a trust in a higher power that will provide sustenance and fulfillment, regardless of the personal cost. Finally, the poem explores the theme of spiritual freedom. The speaker chooses to go to Zion "by choice and not through dread," implying a conscious decision to embrace a faith that offers liberation and belonging. This freedom is further emphasized by the phrase "being free of Zion," signifying a release from the burdens and constraints of other spiritual paths.

Symbolism of Zion and Baal

Zion and Baal are potent symbols representing contrasting spiritual realities. Zion symbolizes peace, assurance, and community. The image of the "Doorkeepers of Zion" resting and smiling suggests a place of tranquility and confidence in their faith. The act of sitting, supping, and drinking in Zion further emphasizes fellowship and contentment. Conversely, Baal symbolizes futile struggle, anxiety, and emptiness. The "Gatekeepers of Baal" are depicted as frenzied and discontent, their actions "vain," suggesting a spiritual path that leads to exhaustion and despair. The use of harsh verbs like "fume," "fret," "curse," and "rant" further reinforces the negative connotations associated with Baal. The “cup” offered in Zion could symbolize acceptance and divine offering, while the lack of any similar symbol for Baal’s followers showcases its emptiness. A possible interpretation to think about is if Zion here only represents rest after a previous struggle or labor: is Kipling actually celebrating a place of privilege and the poem is only for those who are tired from their labors?

Concluding Thoughts: A Testament of Faith

"Zion" is a powerful declaration of faith that contrasts the peace and assurance found in Zion with the anxiety and futility associated with Baal. Through vivid imagery and contrasting tones, Kipling creates a compelling argument for choosing a spiritual path that offers rest, fellowship, and freedom. The poem ultimately celebrates the speaker’s unwavering commitment to Zion and the promise of a life fulfilled within its embrace. Kipling delivers the message that a true faith and devotion promises eternal reward.