Poem Analysis - Calais 2

Introduction: A Bitter Observation

William Wordsworth's "Calais 2" is a scathing critique of obsequiousness and the abandonment of principle in the face of power. The poem possesses a tone of disgust and disappointment, moving from a sense of bewildered questioning to outright condemnation. Wordsworth observes the rush to France, following the French Revolution, not with hope, but with disdain for those who readily surrender their values for perceived favor. The poem serves as a reminder of the importance of steadfastness and the dangers of blind allegiance.

The French Revolution's Shadow: A Time of Tumult

While the footnote provides no specific historical context, the reference to "new-born Majesty" in France strongly suggests the aftermath of the French Revolution. The Revolution, initially viewed by many as a beacon of liberty, soon descended into the Reign of Terror. Wordsworth, like many intellectuals of his time, initially supported the Revolution's ideals. This poem, however, reflects a disillusionment with the revolution's outcome, as he is critical of the rush to appease the new regime, possibly a new Emperor.

Theme of Lost Liberty: Abandoning Ideals

One of the poem's central themes is the loss of liberty and the eagerness to embrace servitude. Wordsworth expresses this theme through his disappointment in the "Lords, lawyers, statesmen, squires" who "Post forward all...to bend the knee / In France, before the new-born Majesty." The image of people rushing to pay homage suggests a collective betrayal of the very principles of freedom that the Revolution was supposedly fighting for. The line "When truth, when sense, when liberty were flown" highlights the price paid for this submission, implying that these fundamental values have been sacrificed in the pursuit of favor.

Theme of Hypocrisy: False Reverence

The theme of hypocrisy also resonates strongly throughout the poem. Wordsworth acknowledges that "A seemly reverence may be paid to power," but emphasizes that true loyalty is not a hasty, superficial display. The "first-fruit offerings" suggest a performative devotion, devoid of genuine feeling or conviction. The poem suggests that these individuals are motivated by self-interest rather than a sincere belief in the new regime, making their reverence a hollow gesture.

Theme of Moral Cowardice: Feebleness of Mind

Wordsworth develops the theme of moral cowardice through his direct condemnation of the people's "prostrate mind" and "feeble Heads." He questions their lack of restraint, asking "What hardship had it been to wait an hour?" This line reveals his contempt for their eagerness to submit, implying that a moment of reflection would have revealed the folly of their actions. His final line, "Shame on you, feeble Heads, to slavery prone!" is a powerful indictment of their willingness to trade independence for security or advantage.

The Image of Bending the Knee: A Symbol of Submission

The recurring image of "bending the knee" serves as a potent symbol of submission and the abandonment of personal integrity. It visually represents the act of relinquishing one's power and autonomy to a higher authority. This image is particularly striking because it is juxtaposed with the earlier mention of "liberty," highlighting the stark contrast between the ideals of freedom and the reality of subservience. The act of kneeling is not just a physical gesture, but a symbolic surrender of one's principles.

Conclusion: A Timeless Critique

"Calais 2" is more than just a commentary on a specific historical moment; it is a timeless reflection on the human tendency to prioritize expediency over principle. Wordsworth's scathing critique of those who readily abandon their values remains relevant today. The poem forces us to consider the true meaning of loyalty and the importance of resisting the allure of power when it demands the sacrifice of integrity. It serves as a constant reminder to guard against the "slavery prone" tendencies within ourselves and to champion truth and liberty, even when it is difficult.