Poem Analysis - Ruth

A Lost Innocence: Introduction to "Ruth"

William Wordsworth's "Ruth" is a poignant narrative poem that chronicles the life of a young woman shaped and ultimately broken by nature and a devastating betrayal. The poem begins with a tone of gentle observation, depicting Ruth's idyllic childhood. This quickly shifts to one of tragic foreshadowing as the captivating but ultimately destructive youth enters her life. The poem explores themes of innocence, the power of nature, and the devastating consequences of broken promises, ending with a melancholic reflection on Ruth's ruined life.

The Allure and Danger of Nature: Theme of Connection to the Environment

One of the poem's central themes is the powerful connection between human beings and the natural world. Ruth’s early life is defined by her immersion in nature. She is described as "an infant of the woods," suggesting a profound and innate connection. The images of her making music from straw and building a bower depict a harmonious relationship with her surroundings. However, the poem also hints at the darker side of nature's influence. The youth, similarly influenced by the "tumult of a tropic sky," succumbs to his impetuous nature, ultimately betraying Ruth. This suggests that while nature can be a source of solace and inspiration, it can also amplify destructive impulses. The description of natural settings in Georgia is vivid: "plants that hourly change / Their blossoms," "magnolia, spread / High as a cloud," "endless, endless lake." These are powerful images that represent the beauty that Ruth desires, but can't have.

Betrayal and its Aftermath: A Journey into Madness

The theme of betrayal is central to "Ruth." The youth's abandonment is not merely a romantic disappointment; it's a shattering event that leads to Ruth's madness and societal isolation. The phrase "Deserted his poor Bride" is stark and emphasizes the cruelty of his act. Her subsequent imprisonment and descent into madness ("Such pains she had, / That she in half a year was mad") highlight the devastating impact of this betrayal. The poem explores how this event irreparably alters her relationship with the world, turning her into a wandering figure, alienated from society and dependent on the kindness of strangers. She represents a victim of both circumstance and character, as neither is able to save her from her ultimate path.

The Oaten Pipe and Water-Mills: Symbolism of Lost Innocence

Several symbols throughout the poem emphasize the loss of innocence and the passage of time. The "oaten pipe" is initially a symbol of Ruth's carefree childhood and her ability to find joy in simple things. Its eventual muteness ("That oaten pipe of hers is mute") signifies the silencing of her joy and the loss of her youthful spirit. Similarly, the "little water-mills" represent her earlier, happier days before she "wept, ere she had mourned." These images contrast sharply with her later life of wandering and begging, underscoring the tragic transformation she undergoes.

A Life Unfulfilled: Conclusion and Final Thoughts

"Ruth" is a deeply moving poem that explores the fragility of human happiness and the enduring power of nature to both inspire and overwhelm. The poem serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of romantic idealism and the devastating consequences of betrayal. Ultimately, "Ruth" is a somber meditation on a life unfulfilled, a poignant reminder of the importance of empathy and the enduring scars left by broken promises. The poem's final lines, promising a Christian burial, offer a glimmer of hope, suggesting that even in death, Ruth will find the acceptance and peace that eluded her in life. The final descriptions of her existence show that the beauty of the world can still affect her, although not in a way that can bring her lasting happiness.