William Butler Yeats

The Second Coming

The Second Coming - context Summary

Composed 1920 Amid Turmoil

Written in 1920 and published in 1921 in Michael Robartes and the Dancer, Yeatss poem records his mounting anxiety about a collapsing world order and his belief in cyclical history. It frames contemporary chaos as a portentous spiritual upheaval, invoking apocalyptic imagery and the mythic "Second Coming" to suggest that two millennia of Christian peace have given way to a new, unsettling age symbolized by a slow-moving, ambiguous "rough beast."

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Turning and turning in the widening gyre The falcon cannot hear the falconer; Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold; Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world, The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere The ceremony of innocence is drowned; The best lack all conviction, while the worst Are full of passionate intensity. Surely some revelation is at hand; Surely the Second Coming is at hand. The Second Coming! Hardly are those words out When a vast image out of Spiritus Mundi Troubles my sight: somewhere in sands of the desert A shape with lion body and the head of a man, A gaze blank and pitiless as the sun, Is moving its slow thighs, while all about it Reel shadows of the indignant desert birds. The darkness drops again; but now I know That twenty centuries of stony sleep Were vexed to nightmare by a rocking cradle, And what rough beast, its hour come round at last, Slouches towards Bethlehem to be born?

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