Poem Analysis - English Bards And Scotch Reviewers A Satire

Introduction: A Blast of Satirical Fury

Lord Byron's "English Bards and Scotch Reviewers" is a scathing satirical poem, a declaration of war against critics and the perceived decline of English poetry. The poem pulses with indignant energy, shifting from self-deprecating humor to outright venom as Byron unleashes his wit upon contemporary literary figures. It is a work of youthful bravado, fueled by a desire to defend true artistry against the petty judgments of the literary establishment. The tone is generally critical and arrogant, it criticizes specific authors and reviewers, the work as a whole makes fun of the way poetry has declined from former glories.

The Poet's Defense: Defining Artistic Integrity

One of the central themes is the defense of artistic integrity against the corrupting influence of fame and commercialism. Byron champions those who write for the love of poetry, those who aspire to greatness rather than merely pandering to popular taste. He sharply criticizes writers like Walter Scott, suggesting that they debase their talent by writing for money. He writes: “No! when the sons of song descend to trade, / Their bays are sear, their former laurels fade.” This sentiment underscores Byron’s belief that true poetry should be driven by inspiration and a pursuit of excellence, not by the desire for financial gain.

Satire as a Weapon: Attacking Literary Critics

The poem's most prominent theme is its attack on literary critics, particularly the "Scotch Reviewers" of the *Edinburgh Review*. Byron portrays these critics as incompetent, biased, and motivated by personal vendettas rather than genuine literary judgment. He targets Francis Jeffrey, one of the review's leading figures, with particular vehemence. They are described as ready-made to censure and mislead and it is suggested that they are in turn hated and caressed. They are called young tyrants. Byron uses satire as a weapon to expose the perceived hypocrisy and unfairness of the critical establishment, arguing that it stifles creativity and discourages true talent. He implies that authors should ignore them.

The Glory of the Past: Nostalgia for Literary Greatness

The theme of nostalgia for a bygone era of literary greatness runs through the poem. Byron repeatedly invokes the names of past masters like Pope, Dryden, Milton and Shakespeare. He presents a view of literary history where past authors are gods. In the face of this, contemporary authors look worse. "While Milton, Dryden, Pope, alike forgot, / Resign their hallow’d bays to Walter Scott." This comparison highlights Byron's dissatisfaction with the state of contemporary literature and his belief that it has declined from a previous height of artistic achievement. This is linked with a decline in taste and reason.

Symbols of Inspiration: The Pen and Pegasus

The poem employs several recurring symbols to reinforce its themes. The pen itself serves as a symbol of artistic creation, representing the power of the poet to express thoughts and shape the world through language. But it is a pen "That mighty instrument of little men!" thus suggesting that the pen is being used by the wrong people. The mythical Pegasus is another symbol that represents poetic inspiration. Byron urges Pegasus to "Speed" as he prepares to launch his satirical assault. These symbols reinforce Byron's emphasis on the importance of inspiration and skill in the creation of great poetry.

Conclusion: A Youthful Declaration of War

In conclusion, "English Bards and Scotch Reviewers" is a powerful satirical poem that reflects Byron's youthful ambition and his passionate defense of artistic integrity. Through scathing wit and vivid imagery, he attacks the critics, celebrates the literary past, and champions the power of true poetic genius. While the poem is often harsh and opinionated, it offers a valuable insight into Byron's artistic values and his vision for the future of English poetry. Despite the negativity, the poem’s ambition is ultimately positive, attempting to tear down what Byron saw as harmful in the culture and create a space for better art.