Poem Analysis - Cromwell

An Ode to Strength and Decisiveness

Henry Lawson's "Cromwell" is a forceful and unapologetic celebration of Oliver Cromwell, the controversial Lord Protector of England. The poem oscillates between righteous anger at the post-Restoration desecration of Cromwell's body and fervent admiration for his strength and effectiveness as a leader. Lawson uses vivid imagery and direct language to paint Cromwell as a strong leader who fearlessly defended England's interests both at home and abroad. The poem's tone is predominantly admiring, though tinged with bitterness at the ingratitude shown to Cromwell after his death, culminating in a patriotic plea for a similar leader in Australia's future.

Echoes of History

While knowledge of Lawson's personal relationship to Cromwell's history is limited, understanding the general historical context significantly enriches the reading of the poem. Cromwell, a key figure in the English Civil War, remains a divisive figure. Some view him as a revolutionary hero who fought for parliamentary democracy, while others see him as a ruthless dictator. The Restoration of the monarchy, following Cromwell's death, led to the exhumation and posthumous execution of Cromwell's body, a blatant act of revenge and political statement. This sets the stage for Lawson's poem, which serves as a counter-narrative, praising Cromwell precisely for the qualities his detractors condemned.

Themes of Leadership and National Pride

One of the central themes of the poem is the nature of effective leadership. Lawson emphasizes Cromwell's decisiveness and strength, contrasting him with the "fools" who might lead Australia in the future. Cromwell is depicted as a man of action, unafraid to use "law and fire and sword" to achieve his goals. The poem also develops a strong theme of national pride, showing how Cromwell elevated England's status on the world stage. The descriptions of Cromwell's military victories and his forceful dealings with foreign powers serve to illustrate England's power and prestige under his rule. The poem concludes with the lament that Australia needs a similar leader that can foster patriotism and power. This links to the idea of patriotism, and the idea of what it truly means to put country first.

Symbols of Power and Retribution

Several powerful symbols are used to reinforce the poem's message. The act of digging up Cromwell's body and displaying his head on a pole is a potent symbol of the ingratitude and petty revenge of the restored monarchy. In contrast, the imagery of Cromwell "carving the roast" symbolizes his strength and ability to provide for and protect his nation. Blake's destruction of the "Dutchman's broom" serves as a symbol of English naval superiority under Cromwell's leadership. The specific mention of the bill to Tuscany being "paid in gold" powerfully symbolizes that Cromwell commanded respect and that his demands would be met.

A Legacy Reclaimed

Lawson's "Cromwell" is more than just a historical tribute; it's a call to action. It condemns the political pettiness that would desecrate the memory of a powerful leader and urges a similar strength in future leaders. The poem's final plea, "Lord! send a man like Oliver / And let me live to see," resonates with a longing for a decisive leader who can restore national pride and effectively address challenges both at home and abroad. Lawson's Cromwell is a reminder that true leadership requires both strength and a willingness to act decisively in the nation's interest, regardless of the personal cost.