Poem Analysis - For Ard

Introduction: A Voyage of Discontent and Hope

Henry Lawson's "For'Ard" is a poignant depiction of class division and social inequality experienced on a ship bound for New Zealand. The poem uses the physical layout of the vessel – "for'ard" (the front, steerage class) and "aft" (the back, first class) – as a metaphor for the broader societal chasm between the working class and the wealthy elite. The tone is initially bitter and resentful, fueled by the stark contrast in living conditions and opportunities. However, it gradually shifts toward a hopeful vision of a future where class distinctions are eradicated and unity prevails. This transformation underscores the poem's central message of social reform and collective action.

Class Division: A Ship of Contrasts

One of the primary themes in "For'Ard" is the stark class division and its dehumanizing effects. The poem vividly contrasts the squalid conditions of the second-class passengers "stowed away like sheep," with the luxurious amenities enjoyed by the first-class travelers "aft." Images of "scrapin's from the inside of a hide" for the steerage passengers, juxtaposed with "ham an' eggs 'n' coffee, aft," underscore the material inequality. This disparity extends beyond food to encompass comfort, hygiene ("there isn't any bath" vs. "tooth and nail-brush, aft"), and even social interaction. The separation of women and the exclusion of the second-class passengers from the "abaft o' this" area highlight the rigid social boundaries enforced onboard and, by extension, in society at large. This theme is powerfully developed through Lawson’s use of contrasting imagery and direct comparisons between the two classes.

The Burden of Labor: A Life of Graft

The poem explores the theme of the burden of labor and its disproportionate impact on the working class. The speaker repeatedly emphasizes the relentless struggle for survival faced by those "for'ard," referring to their "horny" hands and hearts "rough with graft." The constant worry about finding work ("lest we don’t get into graft") casts a shadow over their lives, leaving them with "scarce a shillin' in our pockets, nor a decent rag to wear." In contrast, those who "never battle always seem to travel aft," enjoying "ease an' comfort" without the anxieties of economic insecurity. This theme is reinforced through the symbolic use of the ship itself, where the "for'ard" passengers are explicitly linked to "trouble" and "graft," while the "aft" passengers are associated with leisure and privilege. The contrast underscores the poem's critique of a system that rewards idleness and punishes hard work.

Hope for Unity: A Vision of Equality

Despite the prevailing tone of discontent, "For'Ard" ultimately offers a message of hope for unity and social change. The final stanzas envision a future where "the curse o' class distinctions from our shoulders shall be hurled" and "the rich an' educated shall be educated down." The poem imagines a society where "we all will meet amidships on this stout old earthly craft," signifying a harmonious blending of social classes. The repetition of "fore-'n'-aft" is transformed from a symbol of division to a symbol of unity, culminating in the declaration: "When the people work together, and there ain’t no fore-'n'-aft." This optimistic vision is further supported by the poem's concluding image of nature drawing people "closer – bring us nearer fore-‘n’-aft," suggesting a shared humanity that transcends social boundaries. Lawson's vision looks forward to a classless society where people have higher education, work together, and can share the same values and beliefs.

Symbols and Imagery: A Metaphorical Voyage

The poem is rich in symbolism and vivid imagery, with the ship itself serving as a central metaphor for society. The terms "for'ard" and "aft" function as more than just nautical directions; they represent the distinct social strata and the vast gulf between them. The "gangway" with its notice prohibiting second-class passengers from venturing "abaft o' this" symbolizes the arbitrary and often unjust social barriers that restrict movement and opportunity. The "moonlight" observed by the broken swell and the speaker offers a moment of shared beauty, suggesting a common humanity that persists despite class differences. The "Bay of Islands" imagery in the ninth stanza introduces a moment of unexpected beauty. This inclusion could be viewed as the poet trying to use the beauty of nature as a way to unite, to show that beauty has no class.

Conclusion: A Call for Social Justice

In conclusion, "For'Ard" is a powerful social commentary that uses the microcosm of a ship to expose the pervasive class divisions and inequalities of society. The poem moves from a tone of bitter resentment to a hopeful vision of a future where unity and social justice prevail. Through vivid imagery, contrasting descriptions, and potent symbolism, Lawson delivers a compelling critique of the existing social order and a passionate call for collective action to create a more equitable world. The poem's enduring relevance lies in its ability to resonate with contemporary struggles for social justice and its optimistic message that a better future is possible if people work together to dismantle the barriers that divide them.