Poem Analysis - Belisarius

Initial Impression and Tone

Henry Wadsworth Longfellows Belisarius is a poignant narrative poem that explores themes of betrayal, the fleeting nature of glory, and the resilience of the human spirit. The poem begins with a somber and reflective tone, as the speaker, the aged and blind general Belisarius, recounts his past glories and current misery. The mood shifts from a sense of loss and bitterness to a defiant assertion of identity and dignity. The narrative structure, told in the first person, allows the reader to experience the speakers emotional journey intimately.

Historical Context and Author Background

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, a prominent American poet of the 19th century, often drew inspiration from historical figures and events. Belisarius was a renowned Byzantine general who served under Emperor Justinian I. The poem reflects Longfellows interest in the contrast between the grandeur of historical achievements and the personal tragedies of those who accomplish them. The poem serves as a commentary on the transient nature of fame and the often ungrateful treatment of heroes by their rulers and society.

Themes of Betrayal and Ingratitude

The most prominent theme in Belisarius is the betrayal and ingratitude shown to the speaker by his emperor and society. The speaker laments, For him, in my feeble age, I dared the battles rage, To save Byzantiums state, When the tents of Zabergan, Like snow-drifts overran The road to the Golden Gate. And for this, for this, behold! Infirm and blind and old, With gray, uncovered head, Beneath the very arch Of my triumphal march, I stand and beg my bread! This stark contrast between his past heroism and present humiliation underscores the theme of betrayal. The speaker's bitterness is palpable, highlighting the cruel irony of his situation.

The Fleeting Nature of Glory

Another significant theme is the transient nature of glory and the fickleness of public acclaim. The speaker reflects on the emptiness of the plaudits of the crowd, comparing them to the clatter of feet at midnight in the street, Hollow and restless and loud. This imagery emphasizes the superficial and ephemeral nature of public admiration. The speaker's realization that All, all is Vanity! underscores the theme of the fleeting nature of glory, suggesting that true worth is not measured by external acclaim but by inner strength and resilience.

The Resilience of the Human Spirit

The final theme is the resilience of the human spirit in the face of adversity. Despite his miserable condition, the speaker asserts his identity with defiance: But the bitterest disgrace Is to see forever the face Of the Monk of Ephesus! The unconquerable will This, too, can bear;--I still Am Belisarius! This defiant statement highlights the speakers unbroken spirit and his refusal to be defined by his circumstances. The Monk of Ephesus, a symbol of the speakers enduring dignity, represents the speakers ability to maintain his self-respect and identity despite his hardships.

Symbolism and Imagery

The poem is rich in symbolism and vivid imagery. The sun and wind that burn and cover the speaker with dust symbolize the harshness of his present condition and the indifference of the world around him. The wheels of the august Justinian the Great represent the relentless march of time and the imperious nature of power. The Vandal monarchs cry, All, all is Vanity!, serves as a poignant reminder of the transience of worldly achievements. The unconquerable will of the speaker, symbolized by the Monk of Ephesus, stands in stark contrast to the fleeting nature of glory and the ingratitude of kings.

Conclusion

Belisarius is a powerful exploration of betrayal, the fleeting nature of glory, and the resilience of the human spirit. Through vivid imagery and poignant symbolism, Longfellow crafts a narrative that resonates with themes of injustice and the enduring strength of the human will. The poem serves as a reminder that true dignity and worth are not measured by external acclaim but by the ability to maintain ones identity and integrity in the face of adversity. The speakers defiant assertion, I still Am Belisarius!, encapsulates the poems message of unyielding spirit and the enduring power of self-respect.