Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

To Cardinal Richelieu

from Malherbe

To Cardinal Richelieu - meaning Summary

Fortune's Ebb and Flow

Longfellow addresses Cardinal Richelieu to reflect on human destiny as governed by an impersonal Fate. The poem argues that life is woven from both joys and sorrows, with seasons of prosperity and danger alternating like tides. This cyclical ebb and flow is presented as part of a wise, foreordained order beyond human control, so that Fortune and Adversity balance one another across the course of years.

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Thou mighty Prince of Church and State, Richelieu! until the hour of death, Whatever road man chooses, Fate Still holds him subject to her breath. Spun of all silks, our days and nights Have sorrows woven with delights; And of this intermingled shade Our various destiny appears, Even as one sees the course of years Of summers and of winters made. Sometimes the soft, deceitful hours Let us enjoy the halcyon wave; Sometimes impending peril lowers Beyond the seaman's skill to save, The Wisdom, infinitely wise, That gives to human destinies Their foreordained necessity, Has made no law more fixed below, Than the alternate ebb and flow Of Fortune and Adversity.

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