The Slave in the Dismal Swamp
The Slave in the Dismal Swamp - meaning Summary
Freedom Beside Enforced Exile
Longfellow's poem presents a wounded, branded enslaved man hiding in the Dismal Swamp. The speaker contrasts the swamp's vivid, free natural life—squirrels, birds, fireflies—with the slave's isolation, physical scars, and inherited suffering. Nature seems to sing of liberty while the man bears the "brand of shame" and a fate likened to Cain's curse, emphasizing the moral and human cost of slavery through stark juxtaposition.
Read Complete AnalysesIn dark fens of the Dismal Swamp The hunted Negro lay; He saw the fire of the midnight camp, And heard at times a horse's tramp And a bloodhound's distant bay. Where will-o'-the-wisps and glow-worms shine, In bulrush and in brake; Where waving mosses shroud the pine, And the cedar grows, and the poisonous vine Is spotted like the snake; Where hardly a human foot could pass, Or a human heart would dare, On the quaking turf of the green morass He crouched in the rank and tangled grass, Like a wild beast in his lair. A poor old slave, infirm and lame; Great scars deformed his face; On his forehead he bore the brand of shame, And the rags, that hid his mangled frame, Were the livery of disgrace. All things above were bright and fair, All things were glad and free; Lithe squirrels darted here and there, And wild birds filled the echoing air With songs of Liberty! On him alone was the doom of pain, From the morning of his birth; On him alone the curse of Cain Fell, like a flail on the garnered grain, And struck him to the earth!
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