Poem Analysis - Drinking Song

Initial Impression and Tone

Henry Wadsworth Longfellows Drinking Song is a reflective and somewhat nostalgic poem that explores the themes of excess, the passage of time, and the enduring allure of mythological figures. The poem begins with an inviting and conversational tone, as if the speaker is sharing a personal anecdote with a close friend. However, as the poem progresses, it shifts to a more contemplative and melancholic mood, reflecting on the changes in societal values and the fading of ancient traditions.

Themes of Excess and Moderation

The poem delves into the theme of excess through the depiction of Silenus, the drunken companion of Bacchus, who is described as bloated and inebriated. This imagery contrasts with the youthful and eternal figures of Bacchus and the Bacchantes, suggesting a tension between indulgence and moderation. The speaker acknowledges that while Bacchus represents vigor, Silenus embodies excess, highlighting the dangers of overindulgence. This theme is further emphasized when the speaker notes that ancient revels have been replaced by more sober practices, such as fortune-telling and the search for eternal youth in natural springs rather than wine.

The Passage of Time and Lost Traditions

Another prominent theme is the passage of time and the loss of ancient traditions. The speaker laments the fading of old customs, symbolized by the transformation of Satyrs into devils and the shift from wine-filled celebrations to more restrained activities. The mention of Claudius and Redi, who sang of wine but did not partake in its excesses, underscores the idea that the joy and freedom associated with ancient revels have been lost. The speaker suggests that modern society has moved away from the uninhibited spirit of the past, replacing it with a more cautious and controlled approach to life.

Symbolism of Water and Wine

The poem uses the symbols of water and wine to convey its themes. Water, represented by the pitcher between the speaker and his friend, is described as laughing and glistening, suggesting a sense of joy and vitality. In contrast, wine is associated with excess and the fading of ancient traditions. The speaker ultimately suggests filling the pitcher with water, wreathed with classic fables, indicating a preference for moderation and the enduring wisdom of the past over the fleeting pleasures of wine. This contrast between water and wine highlights the poems message about the importance of balance and the dangers of overindulgence.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Drinking Song by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow is a thoughtful exploration of excess, the passage of time, and the enduring allure of ancient traditions. Through vivid imagery and symbolic language, the poem reflects on the tension between indulgence and moderation, and the loss of uninhibited joy in modern society. The speakers invitation to fill the pitcher with water, rather than wine, suggests a call for balance and a return to the wisdom of the past. The poem ultimately serves as a reminder of the importance of moderation and the enduring value of ancient traditions in a changing world.