Poem Analysis - Frithiofs Temptation

Overall Impression and Tone

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's "Frithiof's Temptation" is a vivid and dramatic narrative poem that explores themes of temptation, honor, and moral struggle. The poem begins with a lively and joyous tone, describing the arrival of spring and the preparations for a royal hunt. However, the mood shifts dramatically when Frithiof is tempted to commit a heinous act, leading to a tense and introspective atmosphere. The poem ultimately resolves with a sense of moral clarity and redemption.

Themes of Temptation and Moral Struggle

The central theme of the poem is the struggle between temptation and moral integrity. Frithiof is presented with a choice to either murder the ancient king and take his queen, or to resist the temptation and uphold his honor. The poem develops this theme through vivid imagery and symbolic language. The "coal-black bird" represents the voice of temptation, urging Frithiof to act on his desires and seize the opportunity for personal gain. In contrast, the "snow-white bird" embodies the voice of conscience, reminding Frithiof of his duty and the consequences of his actions. The use of contrasting colors and symbols underscores the moral dilemma Frithiof faces, highlighting the struggle between good and evil within him.

Nature and the Human Condition

Another prominent theme is the interplay between nature and the human condition. The poem opens with a detailed description of the natural world awakening in spring, symbolizing renewal and the cycle of life. This natural setting serves as a backdrop for the human drama that unfolds. The forest, the birds, and the changing seasons all reflect the inner turmoil and moral choices of the characters. The natural world is not merely a passive setting but an active participant in the narrative, mirroring the emotional and psychological states of the characters. The birds, in particular, act as messengers and symbols, guiding Frithiof towards his ultimate decision.

Symbolism of Birds and Colors

The birds in the poem are rich with symbolism. The "coal-black bird" and the "snow-white bird" represent opposing forces within Frithiof's mind. The black bird, with its dark and ominous presence, embodies the temptation to commit a sinful act. Its song is a seductive whisper, promising immediate gratification and power. On the other hand, the white bird, with its pure and radiant appearance, symbolizes the voice of reason and morality. Its song is a stern warning, reminding Frithiof of the consequences of his actions and the importance of maintaining his honor. The contrast between the two birds underscores the internal conflict Frithiof experiences, making his final decision all the more significant.

Conclusion

In "Frithiof's Temptation," Longfellow explores the complex interplay between temptation, morality, and the natural world. Through vivid imagery and symbolic language, the poem delves into the human struggle for integrity and the consequences of moral choices. The birds and their contrasting colors serve as powerful symbols, guiding Frithiof towards his ultimate decision. The poem concludes with a sense of redemption and moral clarity, emphasizing the importance of upholding one's honor and resisting the allure of temptation. This narrative serves as a timeless reminder of the enduring struggle between good and evil within the human heart.