Poem Analysis - Parker Cleveland Written On Revisiting Brunswick In The Summer Of 1875

Overall Impression and Tone

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's "Parker Cleveland" is a reflective and nostalgic poem that commemorates the life of a beloved teacher. The poem's tone is initially serene and contemplative, evoking a sense of peace and remembrance. As the poem progresses, it shifts to a more solemn and reflective mood, acknowledging the inevitability of death and the enduring legacy of the individual being honored. The poem is written in a straightforward, narrative style, which supports its themes of remembrance and reflection.

Historical and Biographical Context

Longfellow, a prominent American poet of the 19th century, was known for his lyrical and narrative poems that often explored themes of history, nature, and personal reflection. The poem is set in Brunswick, Maine, where Longfellow himself was a professor at Bowdoin College. The historical context of the poem is the summer of 1875, suggesting a time of personal reflection and remembrance for the author. The poem likely honors a real individual, Parker Cleveland, who was a teacher and a significant figure in Longfellow's life.

Themes of Mortality and Remembrance

The poem explores the theme of mortality through the lens of remembrance. The speaker reflects on the life of Parker Cleveland, noting that his life was serene and complete. The phrase "lies beneath this funeral stone" immediately sets a tone of reflection on death. The speaker's memory of Cleveland is filled with fondness and admiration, highlighting the enduring impact of his life. The final lines, "He sleeps, but wakes elsewhere, for God hath said, Amen!" suggest a belief in an afterlife, providing a sense of comfort and continuity beyond death.

Themes of Nature and Tranquility

The natural setting of the poem, with its "pines that murmur in low monotone" and "walks frequented by scholastic feet," serves as a backdrop for the themes of tranquility and reflection. The natural world is depicted as a place of peace and serenity, where Cleveland found his "calm retreat." The imagery of the groves and the teacher's chair becoming a throne emphasizes the harmony between Cleveland's life and his surroundings. This connection to nature underscores the idea that his life was complete and fulfilling, even within the confines of his academic world.

Symbolism of the Teacher's Chair and the Funeral Stone

The teacher's chair, described as a throne, symbolizes Cleveland's authority and influence as an educator. This symbolism elevates his role beyond mere instruction, suggesting that his teachings had a profound and lasting impact on his students. The funeral stone, on the other hand, represents the finality of death but also the enduring legacy of Cleveland's life. The stone serves as a physical reminder of his existence and the impact he had on those around him. Together, these symbols highlight the themes of remembrance and the enduring influence of a life well-lived.

Conclusion and Final Insight

The poem "Parker Cleveland" is a poignant reflection on the life and legacy of a beloved teacher. Through its serene tone and vivid imagery, the poem explores themes of mortality, remembrance, and the enduring impact of a life dedicated to education. The natural setting and the symbols of the teacher's chair and the funeral stone contribute to the poem's message of tranquility and enduring influence. Ultimately, the poem offers a comforting perspective on death, suggesting that even in death, the legacy of a life well-lived continues to inspire and influence others.