Poem Analysis - Santa Filomena

Initial Impression and Tone

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's "Santa Filomena" is a reflective and reverent poem that celebrates the enduring impact of noble deeds and thoughts. The poem begins with a tone of inspiration and elevation, describing how noble actions and words can uplift the human spirit. However, the mood shifts to one of sorrow and despair as the speaker contemplates the horrors of war. The poem then transitions to a sense of awe and admiration as it describes the selfless acts of a woman, likely Florence Nightingale, who brings light and comfort to the suffering.

Historical Context and Author's Background

Longfellow, a prominent American poet of the 19th century, was known for his narrative poems and his ability to capture the spirit of his time. The poem is likely inspired by the Crimean War (1853-1856), during which Florence Nightingale became famous for her work in improving conditions for wounded soldiers. The poem reflects the societal admiration for her heroic efforts and the broader theme of humanitarian service.

Themes of Inspiration and Heroism

The poem explores the theme of inspiration and elevation through noble deeds and thoughts. Longfellow uses vivid imagery to describe how these actions can lift individuals out of their "meaner cares" and elevate their spirits. The "tidal wave of deeper souls" rolling into our "inmost being" suggests a profound and transformative impact. This theme is further developed through the admiration for those who perform such noble acts, highlighting their role in raising others from "what is low."

Themes of Suffering and Compassion

The poem also delves into the theme of suffering and compassion. The graphic descriptions of the "great army of the dead," the "starved and frozen camp," and the "wounded from the battle-plain" create a stark contrast to the initial tone of inspiration. These images of misery and despair serve to emphasize the heroic nature of the woman with the lamp, who brings comfort and hope to the suffering. The "cheerless corridors" and "cold and stony floors" underscore the bleakness of the scene, making her actions all the more remarkable.

Themes of Enduring Legacy

The theme of enduring legacy is evident in the poem's final stanzas. Longfellow suggests that the woman's actions will be remembered and celebrated for generations to come. The "Lady with a Lamp" will stand as a "noble type of good, heroic womanhood," symbolizing the enduring impact of compassion and selflessness. The mention of "the palm, the lily, and the spear" further emphasizes her heroic status, linking her to the martyrdom and virtue associated with Saint Filomena.

Symbolism and Imagery

The recurring symbol of the lamp is central to the poem's imagery. The lamp represents hope, guidance, and the light of compassion in the midst of darkness and suffering. The "lady with a lamp" flitting through the gloom and bringing comfort to the suffering soldiers underscores the transformative power of her actions. The lamp also symbolizes the enduring legacy of her deeds, as it will continue to shine through the annals of history. The "vision" of the lady with the lamp coming and going like a door in heaven being opened and closed adds a mystical quality, suggesting a divine or transcendent aspect to her actions.

Conclusion

"Santa Filomena" is a powerful tribute to the enduring impact of noble deeds and the heroic efforts of those who bring comfort and hope to the suffering. Through vivid imagery and symbolic language, Longfellow celebrates the transformative power of compassion and the enduring legacy of heroic acts. The poem serves as a reminder of the importance of elevating the human spirit through selfless service and the enduring impact of such actions on future generations.