Poem Analysis - Composed In August

An Overview of Composed In August

Robert Burns' "Composed In August" is a pastoral poem that captures the essence of autumn in Scotland. The poem begins with a serene and contemplative tone, describing the natural world and the simple pleasures it offers. However, there is a notable shift in mood when the speaker criticizes the cruelty of man's dominion over nature. The poem concludes with a romantic invitation, shifting back to a tender and affectionate tone. The overall impression is one of harmony with nature and a celebration of love and companionship.

Themes of Nature and Harmony

The poem explores the theme of harmony with nature, emphasizing the interconnectedness of all living things. Burns describes various birds and their preferred habitats, suggesting a natural order and balance. The moorcock, patrick, plover, woodcock, hern, cushat, thrush, and linnet each find their pleasure in specific environments, illustrating the diversity and unity of nature. This theme is reinforced by the speaker's observation that every kind finds its pleasure, whether social or solitary, highlighting the natural harmony that exists.

Themes of Love and Companionship

The theme of love and companionship is central to the poem, particularly in the final stanza. The speaker invites his beloved, Peggy, to walk with him and enjoy the beauty of nature. The romantic language and tender imagery, such as the silent moon shining clearly and the speaker's desire to grasp Peggy's waist, emphasize the intimacy and affection between the lovers. The speaker's declaration that Peggy is as dear to him as the vernal showers to budding flowers or autumn to the farmer underscores the depth of his love and the importance of their companionship.

Themes of Criticism of Human Cruelty

The poem also touches on the theme of criticism of human cruelty, particularly in the context of man's dominion over nature. The speaker expresses a strong disapproval of the sportsman's joy and the murd'ring cry, highlighting the violence and suffering inflicted on animals. The phrase Avaunt, away, the cruel sway! is a powerful rejection of tyranny and cruelty, suggesting a call for a more compassionate and harmonious relationship with the natural world. This theme contrasts with the serene and contemplative tone of the rest of the poem, adding a layer of complexity and depth.

Recurring Symbols and Imagery

The poem is rich with vivid imagery and recurring symbols that contribute to its overall message. The westlin winds and slaught'ring guns symbolize the transition of seasons and the inevitable changes in nature. The mooncock and blooming heather represent the beauty and vitality of the natural world. The moon shining brightly at night serves as a symbol of guidance and companionship, reflecting the speaker's desire for a harmonious and loving relationship with Peggy. The rustling corn and fruited thorn further emphasize the abundance and beauty of nature, inviting the reader to appreciate and cherish the simple pleasures it offers.

Conclusion

"Composed In August" by Robert Burns is a celebration of nature, love, and companionship. Through vivid imagery and recurring symbols, the poem explores the harmony that exists in the natural world and the importance of cherishing the simple pleasures it offers. The speaker's invitation to Peggy to walk and talk under the moon highlights the depth of his love and the significance of their companionship. The poem's criticism of human cruelty adds a layer of complexity, suggesting a call for a more compassionate and harmonious relationship with nature. Ultimately, the poem invites the reader to appreciate the beauty and interconnectedness of all living things, emphasizing the importance of love, companionship, and harmony with the natural world.