Sketch New Year's Day. to Mrs Dunlop
written in 1789
Sketch New Year's Day. to Mrs Dunlop - meaning Summary
Time Demands Present Wisdom
Burns writes to his friend Mrs Dunlop on New Year’s Day, using the annual turn of time to reflect on mortality and moral urgency. He personifies Time and notes worldly distractions—family duties, social rounds—that postpone reflection. The poem contrasts the fleeting present with the prospect of an afterlife whose quality depends on present conduct. Rather than morbid anxiety, Burns urges prudent, active living: employ the important now, fulfill duties, and live as if you never die. The tone mixes affectionate address, gentle reproach, and consoling faith in future reward.
Read Complete AnalysesThis day, Time winds th' exhausted chain, To run the twelvemonth's length again: I see, the old bald-pated fellow, With ardent eyes, complexion sallow, Adjust the unimpair'd machine, To wheel the equal, dull routine. The absent lover, minor heir, In vain assail him with their prayer; Deaf as my friend, he sees them press, Nor makes the hour one moment less, Will you (the Major's with the hounds, The happy tenants share his rounds; Coila's fair Rachel's care to-day, And blooming Keith's engaged with Gray;) From housewife cares a minute borrow, (That grandchild's cap will do to-morrow) And join with me a moralizing, This day's propitious to be wise in. First, what did yesternight deliver? 'Another year has gone for ever.' And what is this day's strong suggestion? 'The passing moment's all we rest on!' Rest on - for what? what do we here? Or why regard the passing year? Will time, amus'd with proverb'd lore, Add to our date one minute more? A few days may - a few years must - Repose us in the silent dust. Then, is it wise to damp our bliss? Yes - all such reasonings are amiss! The voice of Nature loudly cries, And many a message from the skies, That something in us never dies: That on his frail, uncertain state, Hang matters of eternal weight: That future life in worlds unknown Must take its hue from this alone; Whether as heavenly glory bright, Or dark as misery's woeful night. Since then, my honor'd, first of friends, On this poor being all depends; Let us th' important now employ, And live as those who never die. Tho' you, with days and honors crown'd, Witness that filial circle round, (A sight life's sorrows to repulse, A sight pale Envy to convulse) Others now claim your chief regard; Yourself, you wait your bright reward.
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