Poem Analysis - The Death And Dying Words Of Poor Mailie

A Sheep's Lament: Introduction

Robert Burns' "The Death and Dying Words of Poor Mailie" is a poignant and humorous poem that gives voice to a dying sheep. The poem adopts a tone that is both tragic and comical, blending the serious subject of death with Mailie's down-to-earth concerns for her lambs. Burns uses the sheep's perspective to offer social commentary on the relationship between humans and animals, and the responsibilities of ownership. The poem's mood shifts from initial tragedy to acceptance and even a touch of levity as Mailie delivers her final wishes. The language, rich in Scots dialect, adds to the poem's charm and authenticity.

Burns's Rural Voice: Historical Context

Robert Burns, known as the Bard of Ayrshire, was a prominent figure in the Scottish literary scene of the late 18th century. His poetry often reflected the lives and experiences of ordinary rural people, celebrating their values and critiquing social injustices. Burns's background as a farmer himself lent authenticity to his portrayals of rural life. This poem, written in Scots dialect, reflects Burns's commitment to preserving and celebrating his cultural heritage, capturing the language and concerns of the Scottish countryside.

Motherly Love and Responsibility: Major Themes

One of the central themes in the poem is motherly love and concern. Mailie's dying words are almost entirely focused on the welfare of her lambs. She pleads with her master to care for them, protect them from harm, and provide them with nourishment, showcasing a selfless devotion. This is seen in lines such as, "O, bid him save their harmless lives, / Frae dogs, an' tods, an' butchers' knives!" Another major theme is the responsibility of ownership. Mailie implores her master to treat his sheep with kindness and allow them freedom, suggesting that humans have a moral obligation to care for the animals under their charge. The line, "Tell him, he was a Master kin', / An' aye was guid to me an' mine," highlights her appreciation for his past kindness but also subtly underscores the expectation that he will continue to be responsible. Finally, the poem touches on the theme of mortality. Mailie's acceptance of her impending death and her focus on practical matters rather than existential dread provides a grounded and relatable perspective on death, even from the perspective of a sheep.

Tether as Symbol of Restriction: Imagery and Symbolism

The most prominent symbol in the poem is the "tether," the rope that led to Mailie's demise. The tether represents restriction and lack of freedom. Mailie specifically asks her master to burn the tether, suggesting that it is not only a physical constraint but also a symbol of the potential for harm that comes from limiting an animal's natural instincts. The imagery of the lambs wandering freely in the park or hill contrasts sharply with the image of Mailie tangled in the tether, emphasizing the importance of freedom. Another vivid image is that of Hughoc, "like a statue," paralyzed by Mailie's suffering, symbolizing the helplessness and perhaps the guilt humans often feel in the face of animal suffering.

Final Act: A Humble Legacy

In conclusion, "The Death and Dying Words of Poor Mailie" is a touching and thought-provoking poem that uses the voice of a dying sheep to explore themes of maternal love, responsibility, and mortality. Burns's masterful use of Scots dialect, coupled with vivid imagery and symbolism, creates a memorable and poignant narrative. The poem's significance lies in its ability to humanize animals, prompting readers to consider their relationship with the natural world and the moral obligations that come with it. Mailie's final request to burn the tether, her blessing upon her lambs, and her concern for her master's well-being leave the reader pondering the humble but profound legacy of a life well-lived, even within the confines of a sheep's existence.