Poem Analysis - Gude Wallace

Introduction to the Poem

Robert Burns' "Gude Wallace" is a vivid narrative poem that captures the bravery and cunning of William Wallace, a legendary Scottish hero. The poem's tone is initially reflective and somewhat melancholic, shifting to one of action and triumph as Wallace confronts and defeats his enemies. The narrative style, with its colloquial language and vivid imagery, immerses the reader in the historical and cultural context of medieval Scotland. Burns' use of dialect adds authenticity and depth to the characters and their interactions.

Historical and Cultural Context

Robert Burns, a renowned Scottish poet, often drew inspiration from his country's rich history and folklore. William Wallace, the central figure in this poem, is a historical hero known for his role in the Wars of Scottish Independence against English rule. Burns' portrayal of Wallace aligns with the broader Scottish nationalist sentiment of his time, celebrating resistance and defiance against oppression. The poem reflects the enduring pride and resilience of the Scottish people, themes that resonate deeply in Scottish literature and culture.

Themes of Bravery and Resistance

The central theme of "Gude Wallace" is bravery and resistance against tyranny. Wallace's actions and dialogue embody the spirit of defiance and courage. When Wallace encounters the Englishmen, he does not hesitate to confront them, demonstrating his fearlessness. His dialogue with the English captain, where he feigns ignorance and then strikes with lethal precision, highlights his strategic mind and physical prowess. This theme is reinforced through the vivid imagery of violence and the stark contrast between Wallace's actions and the cowardice of his enemies.

Themes of Loyalty and Patriotism

Loyalty and patriotism are also prominent themes. Wallace's loyalty to his king and his country is unwavering, as seen in his opening lines where he expresses his devotion to the "rightfu' king of fair Scotland." This loyalty is not just a personal trait but a call to action, inspiring others to stand with him. The old man who stands by Wallace's side, despite the danger, exemplifies the collective spirit of resistance. The poem's conclusion, where Wallace dines with his men in Lochmaben town, underscores the triumph of loyalty and patriotism over oppression.

Themes of Justice and Retribution

The theme of justice and retribution is evident in Wallace's actions. When he learns that the Englishmen are seeking to capture and hang him, he takes decisive action to eliminate the threat. The vivid imagery of the Englishmen being "sticket" and left "lyin sprawlin there" emphasizes the finality and justice of his retribution. This theme is further reinforced when Wallace hangs the remaining Englishmen, symbolizing the ultimate justice meted out to those who seek to oppress the Scottish people.

Recurring Symbols and Imagery

The river and the well are recurring symbols that represent the natural and unchanging elements of Scotland. The river, over which Wallace laps, and the well where the lady is washing, ground the narrative in the Scottish landscape. These symbols contrast with the transient and malevolent presence of the Englishmen, highlighting the enduring strength of the Scottish people and their land. The "wee Ostler-house" serves as a microcosm of the broader conflict, where Wallace's bravery and cunning are tested and ultimately triumph.

Conclusion

"Gude Wallace" is a powerful narrative that celebrates the bravery, loyalty, and resilience of the Scottish people. Through vivid imagery, colloquial language, and a compelling narrative, Burns brings to life the legend of William Wallace, embodying the spirit of resistance and justice. The poem's themes of bravery, patriotism, and retribution are woven into a tapestry of historical and cultural significance, making it a timeless piece of Scottish literature. The final insight into the poem's significance is its enduring message of defiance against oppression, a message that continues to resonate with readers today.