Poem Analysis - On A Window At The Kings Arms Tavern Dumfries

Initial Impression and Tone

Robert Burns' poem On a window at the King's Arms Tavern, Dumfries presents a spirited defense of excisemen, the officials responsible for collecting taxes, particularly on alcohol. The poem's tone is initially confrontational, challenging the "men of wit and wealth" who sneer at these tax collectors. However, it shifts to a more reflective and satirical mood as Burns draws parallels between excisemen and other powerful figures in society. The poem is written in a conversational style, making it accessible and engaging for a broad audience.

Historical and Social Context

Burns wrote this poem in the late 18th century, a time when excisemen were often viewed with disdain due to their role in collecting unpopular taxes. The poem reflects Burns' own experiences and observations, as he had firsthand knowledge of the struggles faced by excisemen. Burns himself worked as an exciseman for a period, providing him with a unique perspective on the subject. The poem also touches on broader social issues, such as the role of the church and the power dynamics within society.

Themes: Critique of Social Hierarchy

The poem critiques the social hierarchy and the hypocrisy of those who look down on excisemen. Burns uses rhetorical questions to challenge the reader's preconceived notions about these tax collectors. He asks, What are your landlords' rent-rolls? Taxing ledgers, implying that landlords and even monarchs are essentially doing the same job as excisemen, but are not subject to the same level of scorn. This theme is developed through the use of satire and irony, as Burns exposes the inconsistencies in society's attitudes towards different groups of people.

Themes: The Role of Religion

Another prominent theme in the poem is the role of religion in society. Burns compares priests to spiritual excisemen, suggesting that they too are involved in a form of taxation, albeit a spiritual one. This comparison serves to undermine the authority of the church and to highlight the ways in which religious leaders exploit their followers. The use of the phrase godly wisemen adds a layer of irony, as Burns implies that these priests are not as wise or godly as they claim to be.

Themes: Defense of the Marginalized

The poem also serves as a defense of the marginalized, in this case, the excisemen. Burns argues that these tax collectors are performing a necessary function in society, and that they deserve to be treated with respect. He uses the phrase poor Excisemen to emphasize their lowly status and to evoke sympathy for their plight. This theme is developed through the use of empathy and advocacy, as Burns speaks out on behalf of those who are often overlooked or disparaged.

Symbolism and Imagery

The poem's most vivid image is that of the excisemen themselves, who are portrayed as humble and hardworking individuals. This image serves to humanize them and to challenge the reader's stereotypes about tax collectors. The use of the phrase mighty gaigers is also notable, as it refers to the measuring instruments used by excisemen to assess the amount of tax owed. This image underscores the technical and precise nature of their work, and highlights the importance of their role in society. The poem's setting at the King's Arms Tavern adds a layer of authenticity, as it suggests that Burns is speaking from personal experience and observation.

Conclusion

In conclusion, On a window at the King's Arms Tavern, Dumfries is a powerful critique of social hierarchy and a defense of the marginalized. Through the use of satire, irony, and vivid imagery, Burns challenges the reader's preconceived notions about excisemen and exposes the hypocrisy of those who look down on them. The poem also touches on broader social issues, such as the role of religion in society and the power dynamics within the community. Ultimately, the poem serves as a reminder of the importance of empathy and advocacy, and of the need to challenge our own biases and assumptions.