Poem Analysis - When Princes And Prelates

A Satirical Snore

Robert Burns's "When Princes and Prelates" is a rollicking, satirical poem that uses the simple act of "mowing" (a Scottish term for napping or dozing) as a commentary on the follies of the powerful and the resilience of the common person. The poem's tone is initially one of weary observation, noting the chaos caused by European leaders. However, it quickly shifts to a more lighthearted and even mocking attitude, especially towards those in positions of authority. The recurring image of "mowing" serves as a grounding force, contrasting the grand schemes of rulers with the simple contentment of the everyday.

Burns and the Unruly World

Robert Burns, a celebrated Scottish poet, was known for his social commentary and his championing of the common person. Living in a time of political upheaval and social inequality, his poems often critiqued the aristocracy and celebrated the virtues of rural life. "When Princes and Prelates" reflects this tendency, offering a skeptical view of those in power and suggesting that their ambitions are often futile and disconnected from the realities of ordinary people. The poem's use of Scots dialect further emphasizes its connection to the working class and its distance from the language of the elite.

The Power of "Mowe": Resignation, Resistance, and Rest

One central theme of the poem is resignation in the face of uncontrollable events. The opening lines highlight the turmoil caused by "Princes and Prelates," suggesting a world in constant chaos. However, rather than despair, the "poor man" simply lies down and "comforts himsel with a mowe." This act of sleeping becomes a form of passive resistance, a way to detach from the madness of the world. Another theme is the quiet but undeniable dissatisfaction with leadership. Burns uses the motif of "mowe" as both a way to describe the apathy of the poor as well as a jab at the aristocratic class. Finally, the simple act of rest symbolizes the resilience of the common people. Despite having "naething but mowe," they find contentment and solace in simple pleasures, a stark contrast to the restless ambition of the powerful.

Imagery and Irony: The Language of Mockery

The poem is rich in vivid imagery, particularly when describing the actions of the various European leaders. The image of "Brunswick's great Prince" better off at home "with his Princess to mowe" is both humorous and subtly critical, suggesting that his military endeavors are pointless and self-serving. Similarly, the image of "Auld Kate" (Catherine the Great of Russia) being metaphorically violated by the devil is crude but powerfully conveys Burns's contempt for her oppressive policies. The refrain, "And why shouldna poor folk mowe, mowe, mowe," functions as an ironic counterpoint to these grand displays of power, highlighting the absurdity of the leaders' actions in the face of the simple needs and desires of the common people. The use of Scots dialect throughout adds to the poem's satirical edge, creating a sense of intimacy and shared understanding among those who are "in the know."

A Final Snooze on Societal Folly

In conclusion, "When Princes and Prelates" is a biting satire that uses the simple image of "mowing" to critique the vanity and folly of those in power. Burns's poem celebrates the resilience and quiet dignity of the common person, who finds solace in simple pleasures amidst the chaos of the world. By contrasting the grand schemes of rulers with the humble act of taking a nap, Burns offers a timeless commentary on the futility of ambition and the enduring importance of finding contentment in the everyday. The poem ultimately asks us to consider what truly matters in life and to question the values that drive those who seek power and glory. What does it say about society if it rewards those who cause conflict and chaos, while the simple act of finding peace is considered insignificant?