Poem Analysis - Awa Whigs Awa

An Outcry Against Change: Introduction

Robert Burns's "Awa Whigs Awa" is a fiery and politically charged poem, a direct condemnation of the Whig party. The poem drips with anger and resentment, lamenting the perceived decline of Scotland under Whig rule. Its tone is consistently bitter and accusatory, punctuated by a sense of despair and a yearning for a return to a glorified past. While the poem lacks subtlety, its raw emotion and clear message make it a potent expression of political discontent.

Historical Context: Scotland's Political Landscape

Understanding the context of 18th-century Scotland is crucial for interpreting this poem. Burns, writing during a period of significant political and social change, was deeply invested in Scottish identity and tradition. The Whig party, often associated with the English establishment and policies perceived as undermining Scottish autonomy, became a target for Burns's patriotic fervor. The poem is thus a direct response to the perceived threat posed by the Whigs to Scottish culture and independence.

Theme of Loss: A Withered Scotland

One of the poem's central themes is the loss of Scotland's former glory. Burns uses vivid imagery of nature to represent this decline. In the second stanza, he contrasts the "thrissles flourish'd fresh and fair" and "bonie bloom'd our roses" (symbols of Scotland) with the destructive force of the Whigs, who "cam like a frost in June, / And wither'd a' our posies." This metaphor highlights the perceived damage the Whigs inflicted on Scottish identity and prosperity, suggesting a once vibrant culture now decaying.

Theme of Political Corruption: Betrayal and Decline

Another key theme is the political corruption and betrayal associated with the Whigs. The poem directly accuses them of being "a pack o' traitor louns," highlighting a sense of betrayal of the Scottish people. Burns laments the decline of "church and state," directly attributing this "sad decay" to the Whigs, who "cam o'er us for a curse." This reinforces the idea that the Whigs are not merely political opponents but a destructive force actively undermining the foundations of Scottish society.

Theme of Vengeance: A Grim Future?

The poem also explores the theme of vengeance and potential retribution. The fifth stanza introduces "Grim Vengeance," suggesting a simmering anger that may soon erupt. This image creates a sense of foreboding and hints at the potential for violent upheaval. The chilling line, "Gude help the day when royal heads / Are hunted like a maukin," implies a possible revolution, a stark warning against the Whigs' perceived tyranny. The poem suggests that the people's anger cannot be contained forever, and that the consequences for the Whigs could be dire.

Symbols and Imagery: Scotland Endangered

The poem uses several recurring symbols and vivid images to reinforce its message. The thistle and rose are powerful symbols of Scotland, representing its natural beauty and national pride, now threatened. The image of the "ancient crown's fa'n in the dust" vividly depicts the decline of Scottish sovereignty and the loss of its historical power. The reference to the "Deil" (Devil) and his "black beuk" (black book) is a potent curse, wishing damnation upon those who empowered the Whigs. These symbols collectively paint a picture of Scotland under siege, its identity and independence endangered by the Whigs' political influence. Is the poet really talking about literal violence or more about the impact on Scotland's character and legacy?

Conclusion: A Call to Action

"Awa Whigs Awa" is more than just a political rant; it is a passionate lament for a Scotland perceived to be in decline. Through its powerful imagery, accusatory tone, and recurring symbols, the poem effectively conveys a sense of loss, betrayal, and simmering rage. While the poem's message is blunt and uncompromising, it offers a valuable insight into the political anxieties of 18th-century Scotland and the enduring power of national identity. Ultimately, it functions as a rallying cry, urging Scots to resist the perceived threat posed by the Whigs and reclaim their national pride and autonomy.