Poem Analysis - The Butterfly Obtains

A Critique of Societal Judgment

Emily Dickinson's "The Butterfly Obtains" is a concise and pointed critique of societal judgment and the hypocrisy inherent in its standards. The poem, delivered with a tone of understated irony, examines how appearances and perceived social roles dictate acceptance and even the worthiness of remembrance. Initially, the tone is observational, but it subtly shifts to one of gentle condemnation as the speaker reveals the unfair basis for the butterfly's lack of "sympathy." The poem ultimately questions the superficial measures by which society values individuals.

The Price of Freedom and Appearance

One of the primary themes is the tension between freedom and societal acceptance. The butterfly, representing freedom through its ability to travel "freely," is ironically judged negatively for this very quality. The poem implies that the "circumspect" – those who adhere to societal norms – view the butterfly's freedom as a sign of being "dissolute," or lacking morals. The poem suggests that to be truly accepted, one must sacrifice autonomy and conform to societal expectations. This idea is further emphasized by the line "wears a proper coat," which suggests that the butterfly’s appearance is also being judged, highlighting society’s obsession with surface-level qualities.

The Illusion of Immortality

Another key theme is the definition of "Immortality" within the context of societal values. Dickinson doesn't necessarily mean literal immortality, but rather lasting recognition or a positive legacy. The poem suggests that achieving this kind of "Immortality" requires conforming to societal norms and exhibiting "modest Industry." This implies that only those who contribute in ways deemed valuable by society are worthy of remembrance. The "homely scutcheon," representing a plain or unremarkable badge, further reinforces the idea that one must be ordinary and productive to gain societal approval and, consequently, a lasting positive impression.

Symbols of Freedom and Conformity

The butterfly serves as a central symbol of freedom, beauty, and natural existence, but also as a target of societal scrutiny. Its "proper coat" ironically highlights the superficiality of judging individuals based on appearances. In contrast, the "homely scutcheon Of modest Industry" symbolizes conformity, hard work within societal norms, and a lack of individuality. The scutcheon, typically a coat of arms signifying lineage and social status, is here "homely," suggesting a common, unglamorous existence that aligns with societal expectations. These contrasting symbols emphasize the poem's central argument about the unfairness of societal judgment. One might also ask if Dickinson is subtly criticizing the scientific "Entomology," for merely categorizing the butterfly rather than appreciating its inherent beauty and freedom.

A Legacy of Questioning Societal Norms

In conclusion, "The Butterfly Obtains" is a powerful and concise critique of societal values and the arbitrary nature of judgment. Dickinson uses the seemingly simple image of a butterfly to expose the hypocrisy of a society that prioritizes conformity and industry over freedom and natural beauty. The poem questions the standards by which we judge worthiness and challenges the notion that acceptance and lasting recognition are contingent upon adhering to rigid societal expectations. The poem’s significance lies in its enduring relevance, prompting us to examine our own biases and question the values that shape our perceptions of others.