Poem Analysis - Who Giants Know With Lesser Men

Introduction: A Study in Perspective

Emily Dickinson's "Who Giants know, with lesser Men" is a compact exploration of perspective and the challenges of perceived greatness. The poem contrasts those who have encountered true greatness with those who haven't, suggesting that such encounters can induce a sense of inadequacy. The tone is initially contemplative, almost mournful, reflecting on the awkwardness of greatness in the presence of mediocrity. However, it shifts to a more assertive, even slightly satirical, tone when describing the oblivious "Smaller" individual.

Theme of Awareness and Incompleteness

One central theme is the awareness of incompleteness that arises from knowing greatness. The opening lines suggest that those "Who Giants know" are left feeling "incomplete, and shy." This feeling stems from a comparison: they've witnessed a level of achievement or being that highlights their own limitations. The poem doesn't explicitly define "Giants," but we can understand it as figures or experiences that represent exceptional accomplishment or profound understanding. This exposure, rather than inspiring, creates a sense of awkwardness because "Greatness, that is ill at ease / In minor Company." They know what true greatness looks like, and that knowledge makes ordinary interactions feel insufficient.

The Paradox of Ignorance and Bliss

The poem also explores the theme of blissful ignorance. The second stanza introduces a contrasting figure: "A Smaller." Unlike those aware of giants, this person—represented by the "Summer Gnat"—is completely unperturbed by his limitations. He is "Unconscious that his single Fleet / Do not comprise the skies." The image of the gnat, thinking its small swarm constitutes the entire sky, is a potent symbol of limited perspective. This is not presented as a negative trait, though; rather, it is a source of contentment. He is free from the anxiety and self-doubt that plague those who have encountered greatness. The poem implies that perhaps there's a certain peace in not knowing.

Imagery and Symbolism: The Gnat's Limited World

The central image of the "Summer Gnat" serves as a powerful symbol of limited awareness and self-importance. The gnat, with its tiny fleet, believes it encompasses the entire sky, highlighting a naive self-centeredness. The choice of the gnat is significant; it's an insignificant creature, easily overlooked, yet within its own small world, it reigns supreme. This image contrasts sharply with the implied vastness and awe associated with "Giants." The sky itself becomes symbolic of the vastness of existence and the limitations of individual perception. The poem suggests that our perception of reality is shaped by our experiences, and those with limited experiences may have a distorted, albeit comfortable, view of the world.

Conclusion: The Burden of Knowledge

In conclusion, "Who Giants know, with lesser Men" is a thoughtful meditation on the burdens and benefits of knowledge and perspective. It contrasts the discomfort of those aware of greatness with the blissful ignorance of those who are not. The poem suggests that while encountering greatness can lead to a sense of inadequacy, it also provides a deeper understanding of the world. Conversely, a limited perspective, though potentially naive, can offer a sense of contentment and self-sufficiency. Ultimately, Dickinson leaves us to ponder whether the burden of knowledge is worth the price of self-doubt or if there's a quiet wisdom in blissful ignorance.